Stradun ili Placa je glavna ulica u staroj gradskoj jezgri, ali i u Dubrovniku općenito. Naziv "Stradun" potječe od Mlečana i podrugljiv je naziv za veliku ulicu, a ime "Placa" potječe od latinske riječi "platea", što znači "ulica".
Na mjestu današnjeg Straduna u prošlosti je bio močvarni teren koji je razdvajao Ragusu od Dubrave. Nasipavanjem močvare u 9. stoljeću, stanovništvo je stvorilo jedan grad.
Stradun se proteže u smjeru istok – zapad, a nalazi se između dvoja gradska vrata (Vratima od Pila i Vratima od Ploča). Na početku i na kraju Straduna nalaze se i dvije fontane (Velika i Mala Onofrijeve česma) te dva zvonika (Gradski zvonik i zvonik franjevačke crkve i samostana). Stradun je popločen kamenim blokovima, uglačanim do sjaja drvenog parketa, pa ga i nazivaju ulica – salon. Svoju namjenu, Stradun je dobio u 12. stoljeću, a današnji je izgled dobio nakon katastrofalnog potresa 1667. godine, kad je veliki broj građevina bio srušen. Starije slike Dubrovnika nam pokazuju kako zgrade na Stradunu prije potresa nisu imale tako tipiziran izgled kao danas, mnoge su imale arkade kao palača Sponza,a neke su bile i ukrašenije. Današnji izgled zgrada na Stradunu potječu iz razdoblja poslije potresa 1667. godine, kada je Statutom Dubrovačke Republike bio određen način gradnje stambenih zgrada: u prizemlju je uvijek bio trgovačko – poslovni prostor s vratima na koljeno, a u veliki se magazin ulazilo iz sporedne ulice. Na prvom je katu bio stambeni prostor, dok su sobe bile na drugom katu. Kuhinja i ostale gospodarske prostorije su se uvijek nalazile u potkrovlju. Naime, nakon potresa, u Gradu je buknuo požar, koji je uništio velik broj stambenih i rezidencijalnih zgrada. Odredbom da se kuhinje presele u potkrovlje spriječavalo se širenje požara.
Stradun završava trgom Luža ispred Gradskog zvonika te tako obuhvaća veći broj važnijih spomenika unutar stare gradske jezgre te je tako omiljeno šetalište domaćeg stanovništva, kao i stranih turista. Danas se Stradun koristi za svečanu procesiju za vrijeme proslave Feste sv. Vlaha, 3. veljače, a odabrati doček Nove godine na Stradunu se proglašava među 10 najboljih odabira u svijetu svake godine.
Izvor
Gornji opis i neke fotografije su korišteni iz članka Stradun na Wikipediji, licenciran pod CC-BY-SA.
Stradun or Placa is the main street of Dubrovnik, Croatia. The limestone-paved pedestrian street runs some 300 metres through the Old Town, the historic part of the city surrounded by the Walls of Dubrovnik. The site of the present-day street used to be a marshy channel which separated Ragusa from the forest settlement of Dubrava before it was reclaimed in the 13th century. Stradun stretches through the walled town in the east-west direction, connecting the western entrance called the "Pile Gate" to the "Ploče Gate" on the eastern end. Both ends are also marked with 15th-century fountains (the so-called Large Onofrio's Fountain in the western section and the Small Onofrio's Fountain on the east end) and bell towers (the Dubrovnik Bell Tower to the west end and the bell tower attached to the Franciscan monastery to the east).
Stradun became the city's main thoroughfare in the 13th century, and its current appearance was for the most part created following the devastating 1667 earthquake in which most of the buildings in Ragusa (as Dubrovnik was called back then) were destroyed. Before the earthquake the houses which line the street were not so uniformly designed as they appear today, with many of them featuring arcades and elaborate decorations. Following the 1667 earthquake and a large fire which broke out immediately afterwards, the Republic of Ragusa passed a law which specified the layout of all future residential buildings constructed in the city.
Because of this all of the 17th-century houses lining the Stradun share the same pattern - the ground level always housed a shop with a street entrance featuring a door and a window in a single frame under a semicircular arch (during the day the door would be kept closed and goods would be handed to customers over the sill, thereby serving as a counter), and a storage room in the back with a separate alley entrance. The first floor was reserved for the living area and the second floor had various rooms, while the kitchen was invariably located in the loft above the second floor, to prevent the spread of potential fires.
In recent times, the Stradun and some of the surrounding houses were damaged in mortar shelling during the Siege of Dubrovnik in 1991–92, but most of the damage has been repaired since. Many of the historic buildings and monuments in Dubrovnik are situated along the Stradun, because of which it serves as a popular esplanade for tourists. A procession for the Feast of Saint Blaise, the patron saint of Dubrovnik, passes through Stradun every year on 3 February. Occasional concerts are also held at Stradun and it is regularly used as the site of New Year's Eve celebrations.
Source
The above description and some images are used from the article Stradun (street) on Wikipedia, licensed under CC-BY-SA.
Der Stradun (übersetzt „Große Straße“) ist die größte Hauptstraße in der Altstadt von Dubrovnik (historischer Name Ragusa) in Kroatien. Das gegenwärtige Aussehen erhielt der Stradun nach dem großen Erdbeben 1667, als Dubrovnik rasch wiederaufgebaut wurde. Der abwechslungsreiche Charakter der ehemaligen Paläste an dem alten Stradun wurde durch einen planmäßigen Aufbau von zwei Reihen gleich hoher Barockhäuser in Stein mit einheitlichen Hausfronten ersetzt. Im Erdgeschoss jedes dieser Häuser schrieb der Senat der Republik den Bau von mehreren ähnlichen Kaufläden vor, wobei die Sorge der Stadtverwaltung um die Wiederbelebung des Handels zum Ausdruck kam.
Diese Straße ist zugleich die kürzeste Verbindung zwischen dem westlichen und dem östlichen Stadttor. Sie entstand am Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts, als die seichte Meerenge, die die ehemalige kleine Insel Lave mit der darauf gebauten Siedlung von der anderen Siedlung am Festland trennte, zugeschüttet worden war. Seine Funktion erhielt der Stradun im 12. Jahrhundert, als beide Siedlungen durch eine einheitliche Stadtmauer eingemeindet wurden.
Dort finden heute alle großen Festveranstaltungen und Prozessionen statt, aber diese Straße ist zugleich die Handelsarterie des alten Stadtkerns von Dubrovnik.
Quelle
Die obige Beschreibung und einige Fotos sind aus dem Artikel Stradun auf Wikipedia übernommen, lizenziert unter CC-BY-SA.
